Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
75.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
0.15 |
0.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
18.07 |
73.14 |
73.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
6.48 |
26.24 |
26.40 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
15.36 |
62.17 |
62.56 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
1.45 |
5.89 |
5.93 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
7.68 |
31.11 |
31.30 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.04 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.01 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
3.65 |
22.21 |
22.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
5.80 |
23.50 |
23.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
6.23 |
25.23 |
25.39 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (daf) |
kg/m³
(daf)
|
329 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
11.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
47.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|