Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
72.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
0.94 |
3.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
20.51 |
74.57 |
77.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
6.06 |
22.03 |
22.81 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
14.08 |
51.20 |
53.00 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
1.57 |
5.70 |
5.90 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
10.56 |
38.39 |
39.74 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.29 |
1.07 |
1.11 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.07 |
0.24 |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.01 |
100.04 |
100.04 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
110.0 |
400.0 |
414.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
3.79 |
20.21 |
20.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
5.90 |
21.45 |
22.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
5.56 |
20.23 |
20.94 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 210 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 330 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physical Properties
|
|
Commonly used properties
|
| |
Bulk density (daf) |
kg/m³
(daf)
|
123 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
10.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
21.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
16.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
16.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
25.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|