olive kernels, fraction > 1mm (#1969)
| ID-number | #1969 |
|---|---|
| Material | olive kernels, fraction > 1mm |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ husk/shell/pit ▸ olive |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [500] biomassa uit de industrie ▸ [520] schillen/vliezen/pitten ▸ [524] olijven | |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Submission date | 2001-02-21 |
| Remarks | Cl calculated from ash (assuming Cl in biomass/Cl in ash = 3, like ID 1764); ash sintering starts at 750°C, fully fused at 900°C |
| Literature | Koukios,E.G.; Arvelakis,S.; Georgali,B.: Physico-chemical upgrading of agroresidues as solid biofuels; Proc. 4th biomass conference of the Americas, p.299-304 |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% | 8.76 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 2.35 | 2.58 | |||||||||||||||||
| Volatile matter | wt% | 71.08 | 77.90 | 79.96 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fixed carbon | wt% | 17.81 | 19.52 | 20.04 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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| Carbon | wt% | 46.82 | 51.31 | 52.67 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 5.31 | 5.82 | 5.97 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 35.54 | 38.95 | 39.98 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.03 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.05 | 100.05 | 100.05 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Halides |
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| Chlorine (Cl) | mg/kg | 1 003.6 | 1 100.0 | 1 129.1 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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| Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 16.73 | 18.57 | 19.06 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 18.10 | 19.84 | 20.37 | ||||||||||||||||
| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 18.59 | 20.38 | 20.92 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ash Properties |
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Ash composition |
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| SO3 | wt% (ash) | 0.68 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cl | wt% (ash) | 1.42 | ||||||||||||||||||
| SiO2 | wt% (ash) | 18.86 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Al2O3 | wt% (ash) | 2.52 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CaO | wt% (ash) | 9.79 | ||||||||||||||||||
| MgO | wt% (ash) | 3.32 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Na2O | wt% (ash) | 3.94 | ||||||||||||||||||
| K2O | wt% (ash) | 41.82 | ||||||||||||||||||