wheat straw (#1965)
| ID-number | #1965 |
|---|---|
| Material | wheat straw |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat ▸ wheat straw |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro | |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Submission date | 2001-02-21 |
| Remarks | Cl calculated from ash (assuming Cl in biomass/Cl in ash = 3, like for ID 1764); ash sintering starts at 750°C, at 900°C hard fused material |
| Literature | Koukios,E.G.; Arvelakis,S.; Georgali,B.: Physico-chemical upgrading of agroresidues as solid biofuels; Proc. 4th biomass conference of the Americas, p.299-304 |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
||||||||||||||||||||
Proximate analysis |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Moisture content | wt% | 6.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 7.01 | 7.50 | |||||||||||||||||
| Volatile matter | wt% | 71.06 | 76.00 | 82.16 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fixed carbon | wt% | 15.43 | 16.50 | 17.84 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Carbon | wt% | 40.86 | 43.70 | 47.24 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 4.75 | 5.08 | 5.49 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 39.36 | 42.10 | 45.51 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | wt% | 0.74 | 0.79 | 0.85 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Sulphur | wt% | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.46 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 100.19 | 100.20 | 100.22 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Halides |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Chlorine (Cl) | mg/kg | 5 610.0 | 6 000.0 | 6 486.5 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Net calorific value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 16.49 | 17.80 | 19.25 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross calorific value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 17.68 | 18.91 | 20.45 | ||||||||||||||||
| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 15.33 | 16.39 | 17.72 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ash Properties |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ash composition |
||||||||||||||||||||
| SO3 | wt% (ash) | 5.27 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cl | wt% (ash) | 2.73 | ||||||||||||||||||
| SiO2 | wt% (ash) | 39.20 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Al2O3 | wt% (ash) | 3.85 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CaO | wt% (ash) | 14.40 | ||||||||||||||||||
| MgO | wt% (ash) | 4.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Na2O | wt% (ash) | 4.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| K2O | wt% (ash) | 14.06 | ||||||||||||||||||