Phyllis2 - wheat straw (#1965)

wheat straw (#1965)

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ID-number	#1965
Material	wheat straw
Classification	ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat ▸ wheat straw
Classification	NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro
Submitter organisation	ECN (Netherlands)
Submission date	2001-02-21
Remarks	Cl calculated from ash (assuming Cl in biomass/Cl in ash = 3, like for ID 1764); ash sintering starts at 750°C, at 900°C hard fused material
Literature	Koukios,E.G.; Arvelakis,S.; Georgali,B.: Physico-chemical upgrading of agroresidues as solid biofuels; Proc. 4th biomass conference of the Americas, p.299-304

Values

Property											Unit	Value			Std dev	Det lim	Lab	Date	Method	Remarks
Property											Unit	ar	dry	daf	Std dev	Det lim	Lab	Date	Method	Remarks
Fuel Properties
	Proximate Analysis
		Moisture content									wt%	6.50
		Ash content									wt%	7.01	7.50
		Volatile matter									wt%	71.06	76.00	82.16
		Fixed carbon									wt%	15.43	16.50	17.84					Calculated
	Ultimate Analysis
		Carbon									wt%	40.86	43.70	47.24					Measured
		Hydrogen									wt%	4.75	5.08	5.49					Measured
		Nitrogen									wt%	0.74	0.79	0.85					Measured
		Sulphur									wt%	0.40	0.43	0.46					Measured
		Oxygen									wt%	39.36	42.10	45.51					Measured
		Total (with halides)									wt%	100.19	100.20	100.22					Calculated
	Calorific Values
		Net calorific value (LHV)									MJ/kg	16.49	17.80	19.25
		Gross calorific value (HHV)									MJ/kg	17.68	18.91	20.45
		HHV_Milne									MJ/kg	15.33	16.39	17.72					Calculated
Chemical Analyses
	Halides
		Chlorine (Cl)									mg/kg	5 610.0	6 000.0	6 486.5					Measured
Ash Properties
	Ash composition
		SO₃									wt% (ash)	5.27
		Cl									wt% (ash)	2.73
		SiO₂									wt% (ash)	39.20
		Al₂O₃									wt% (ash)	3.85
		CaO									wt% (ash)	14.40
		MgO									wt% (ash)	4.30
		Na₂O									wt% (ash)	4.30
		K₂O									wt% (ash)	14.06