Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
18.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
34.11 |
41.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
38.79 |
47.30 |
80.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
9.10 |
11.10 |
19.01 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
27.02 |
32.95 |
56.42 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.02 |
4.90 |
8.39 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
14.33 |
17.48 |
29.93 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.57 |
0.69 |
1.18 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.64 |
0.78 |
1.34 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.01 |
100.01 |
100.02 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
13 202.0 |
16 100.0 |
27 568.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.08 |
14.05 |
24.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
12.40 |
15.12 |
25.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
12.48 |
15.22 |
26.05 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
31 300.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5 400.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 249 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 283 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 244 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 254 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
59.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|