Main biomass properties
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Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Ash content |
wt%
|
|
8.97 |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
|
80.07 |
87.96 |
|
|
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| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
|
10.96 |
12.04 |
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Calculated |
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Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
39.93 |
43.86 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
5.87 |
6.45 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
45.44 |
49.92 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.04 |
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.30 |
100.33 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
470.0 |
516.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
14.45 |
15.88 |
|
|
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Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
15.73 |
17.28 |
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|
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HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
15.80 |
17.36 |
|
|
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|
Calculated |
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|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 399 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 460 |
|
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|
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Ash Properties
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|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
37.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
31.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
14.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.47 |
|
|
|
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|
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| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.44 |
|
|
|
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|