Main biomass properties
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Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
21.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
|
68.44 |
87.05 |
|
|
|
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|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
|
10.18 |
12.95 |
|
|
|
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Calculated |
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|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
41.22 |
52.43 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
5.76 |
7.33 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
30.32 |
38.57 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
0.50 |
0.64 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.39 |
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
4 300.0 |
5 469.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.26 |
21.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
18.52 |
23.56 |
|
|
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|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.74 |
22.57 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 177 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 266 |
|
|
|
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Ash Properties
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|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
50.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
15.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.96 |
|
|
|
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|