Main biomass properties
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Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
27.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
|
62.93 |
87.06 |
|
|
|
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|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
|
9.35 |
12.94 |
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Calculated |
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Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
38.69 |
53.53 |
|
|
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|
Measured |
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| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
5.61 |
7.76 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
26.03 |
36.01 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
0.70 |
0.97 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.71 |
0.98 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
5 400.0 |
7 470.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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|
Heating value
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| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
16.44 |
22.75 |
|
|
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|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.67 |
24.44 |
|
|
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|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.14 |
23.72 |
|
|
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|
Calculated |
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|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 138 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 166 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 260 |
|
|
|
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Ash Properties
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|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
57.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
11.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
7.92 |
|
|
|
|
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| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.52 |
|
|
|
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|