Main biomass properties
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Proximate analysis
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| |
Moisture content |
wt%
(ar)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
|
23.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
|
66.40 |
86.70 |
|
|
|
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|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
|
10.19 |
13.30 |
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|
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Calculated |
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|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
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| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
|
39.99 |
52.21 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
|
5.55 |
7.25 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
|
29.77 |
38.87 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
|
0.52 |
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
|
0.33 |
0.43 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
|
4 300.0 |
5 614.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
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|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
16.54 |
21.60 |
|
|
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|
|
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Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.75 |
23.18 |
|
|
|
|
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|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
|
17.09 |
22.31 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
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|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 138 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 171 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 260 |
|
|
|
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Ash Properties
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|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
49.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
13.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
11.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.20 |
|
|
|
|
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| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
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| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.93 |
|
|
|
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|