Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
4.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
47.25 |
49.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
41.97 |
44.15 |
87.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
5.85 |
6.15 |
12.23 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
25.20 |
26.51 |
52.70 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
3.90 |
4.10 |
8.15 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
14.69 |
15.45 |
30.72 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
3.00 |
3.16 |
6.28 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
1.06 |
1.11 |
2.21 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.08 |
100.09 |
100.17 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
522.9 |
550.0 |
1 093.4 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
9.90 |
10.54 |
20.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.88 |
11.44 |
22.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
11.33 |
11.92 |
23.70 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
10.2 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
5.5 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Cobalt (Co) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
16.5 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
171.0 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
252.0 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Mercury (Hg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
35.5 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Phosphorus (P) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
24 450.0 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
135.5 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 810.0 |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 080 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
5.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
20.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|