Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
5.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
44.13 |
46.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
48.39 |
51.10 |
95.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
2.18 |
2.30 |
4.31 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
24.15 |
25.50 |
47.75 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.70 |
4.96 |
9.29 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
17.52 |
18.50 |
34.64 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
3.08 |
3.25 |
6.09 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
1.06 |
1.12 |
2.10 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.96 |
99.95 |
99.91 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
227.3 |
240.0 |
449.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.16 |
10.87 |
20.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.32 |
11.95 |
22.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
11.68 |
12.34 |
23.11 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
19.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
22.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
24.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
60.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
1 200.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cr |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
623.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|