Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
3.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
45.79 |
47.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
44.25 |
45.90 |
87.43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
6.36 |
6.60 |
12.57 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
23.52 |
24.40 |
46.48 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.15 |
4.30 |
8.19 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
18.32 |
19.00 |
36.19 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
3.41 |
3.54 |
6.74 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.91 |
0.94 |
1.79 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.69 |
99.68 |
99.39 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
10.04 |
10.51 |
20.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
11.04 |
11.45 |
21.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
10.59 |
10.98 |
20.92 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
15.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
38.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
14.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
9.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Pb |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
180.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cd |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
5.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cu |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
410.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Mn |
mg/kg
(ash)
|
140.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|