Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
14.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
8.47 |
9.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
42.97 |
50.20 |
55.72 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.39 |
6.30 |
6.99 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
27.48 |
32.10 |
35.63 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
1.20 |
1.40 |
1.55 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.12 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.16 |
100.19 |
100.21 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 284.0 |
1 500.0 |
1 664.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.00 |
19.10 |
21.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.53 |
20.48 |
22.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
18.23 |
21.30 |
23.64 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
36.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
4.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
18.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
12.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
18.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|