Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
15.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
13.86 |
16.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
60.95 |
71.70 |
85.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
10.20 |
12.00 |
14.34 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
33.65 |
39.59 |
47.30 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
4.34 |
5.11 |
6.10 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
32.80 |
38.59 |
46.10 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.10 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
99.96 |
99.95 |
99.94 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
1 849.8 |
2 176.2 |
2 600.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
12.47 |
15.10 |
18.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
13.78 |
16.21 |
19.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
13.09 |
15.40 |
18.40 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
34.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
25.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
21.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|