wheat straw (Danish, weathered) (#1311)

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ID-number#1311
Materialwheat straw (Danish, weathered)
Classification ECN Phyllis classification ▸ straw (stalk/cob/ear) ▸ wheat ▸ wheat straw (Danish, weathered)
NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [220] stro ▸ [223] tarwestro
Ash type450 degC
Submitter organisationECN (Netherlands)
Submission date1998-08-21
LiteratureA. van der Drift and A. Olsen: Conversion of biomass, prediction and solution methods for ash agglomeration and related problems, final report (in preparation), EU Joule contract JOR-CT95-0079 (1999).

Values

Property Unit Value Std dev Det lim Lab Date Method Remarks
ar dry daf

Main biomass properties

Proximate analysis
Moisture content wt% 12.50
Ash content wt% 2.89 3.30

Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
Total (with halides) wt% 15.50 3.43 0.13 Calculated

Halides
Chlorine (Cl) mg/kg 1 137.5 1 300.0 1 344.4 Measured

Heating value
Gross calorific value (HHV) MJ/kg 16.98 19.41 20.07

Trace elements composition
Potassium (K) mg/kg (dry) 6 100.0 Measured
Sodium (Na) mg/kg (dry) 60.0 Measured

Ash melting behaviour

American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
IDT (initial deformation temperature) °C 888
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) °C 986
HT (hemispherical temperature) °C 1 043
FT (fluid temperature) °C 1 159

Ash Properties

Ash composition
CO2 wt% (ash) 4.00
SO3 wt% (ash) 5.00
Cl wt% (ash) 0.80
P2O5 wt% (ash) 4.00
SiO2 wt% (ash) 38.00
Fe2O3 wt% (ash) 0.20
Al2O3 wt% (ash) 0.40
CaO wt% (ash) 14.00
MgO wt% (ash) 2.60
Na2O wt% (ash) 0.30
K2O wt% (ash) 22.00
TiO2 wt% (ash) 0.02