Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
11.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
6.31 |
7.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
66.59 |
74.90 |
80.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
16.00 |
18.00 |
19.38 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
40.72 |
45.80 |
49.30 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.30 |
5.96 |
6.42 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
35.68 |
40.13 |
43.20 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.40 |
0.45 |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.14 |
0.16 |
0.17 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
3 556.0 |
4 000.0 |
4 305.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.01 |
17.19 |
18.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.44 |
18.49 |
19.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.48 |
18.54 |
19.95 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
12 400.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 090 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
American standard method, measured in reducing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
945 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 075 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 351 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ash Properties
|
|
Ash composition
|
| |
CO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SO3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cl |
wt%
(ash)
|
3.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
P2O5 |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
SiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
54.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fe2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Al2O3 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CaO |
wt%
(ash)
|
6.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
MgO |
wt%
(ash)
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Na2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
K2O |
wt%
(ash)
|
21.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
TiO2 |
wt%
(ash)
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|