Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
4.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
4.58 |
4.79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
71.51 |
74.80 |
78.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
19.51 |
20.41 |
21.44 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
44.89 |
46.96 |
49.32 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.44 |
5.69 |
5.98 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
40.27 |
42.12 |
44.24 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.51 |
0.54 |
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.62 |
100.65 |
100.68 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
4 474.1 |
4 680.0 |
4 915.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
|
9.6 |
10.0 |
10.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.93 |
17.82 |
18.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
18.22 |
19.06 |
20.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
17.55 |
18.35 |
19.28 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Aluminium (Al) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
150.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Boron (B) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Barium (Ba) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Calcium (Ca) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2 400.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cobalt (Co) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Iron (Fe) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
12 000.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Magnesium (Mg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
540.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
7.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Molybdenium (Mo) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
260.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Phosphorus (P) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
560.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Selenium (Se) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Silicon (Si) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
10 800.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Strontium (Sr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
7.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Titanium (Ti) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
6.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Vanadium (V) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 037 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 065 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|