Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
7.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
5.12 |
5.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
69.94 |
75.20 |
79.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
17.94 |
19.29 |
20.41 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
42.48 |
45.68 |
48.34 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.53 |
5.95 |
6.30 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
40.06 |
43.08 |
45.59 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.68 |
0.73 |
0.77 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
101.44 |
101.55 |
101.64 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
4 640.7 |
4 990.0 |
5 281.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
|
9.3 |
10.0 |
10.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
15.67 |
17.03 |
18.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
17.05 |
18.33 |
19.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.85 |
18.11 |
19.17 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Aluminium (Al) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
88.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Boron (B) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
14.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Barium (Ba) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Calcium (Ca) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
7 500.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Cobalt (Co) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Iron (Fe) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
94.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
16 500.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Magnesium (Mg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
830.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
14.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Molybdenium (Mo) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
220.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Phosphorus (P) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 400.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Selenium (Se) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Silicon (Si) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 180.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Strontium (Sr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Titanium (Ti) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Vanadium (V) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 471 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|