Main biomass properties
|
|
Proximate analysis
|
| |
Moisture content |
wt%
|
9.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Ash content |
wt%
|
4.76 |
5.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Volatile matter |
wt%
|
69.46 |
76.50 |
80.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed carbon |
wt%
|
16.58 |
18.26 |
19.27 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Ultimate analysis (macroelements)
|
| |
Carbon |
wt%
|
41.50 |
45.71 |
48.24 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Hydrogen |
wt%
|
5.26 |
5.79 |
6.11 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Oxygen |
wt%
|
39.05 |
43.01 |
45.39 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nitrogen |
wt%
|
0.62 |
0.68 |
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sulphur |
wt%
|
0.11 |
0.12 |
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Total (with halides) |
wt%
|
100.76 |
100.83 |
100.88 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Halides
|
| |
Chlorine (Cl) |
mg/kg
|
2 560.6 |
2 820.0 |
2 975.9 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Fluorine (F) |
mg/kg
|
9.1 |
10.0 |
10.6 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Heating value
|
| |
Net calorific value (LHV) |
MJ/kg
|
14.87 |
16.63 |
17.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross calorific value (HHV) |
MJ/kg
|
16.24 |
17.89 |
18.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
HHVMilne |
MJ/kg
|
16.28 |
17.93 |
18.92 |
|
|
|
|
Calculated |
|
|
Trace elements composition
|
| |
Aluminium (Al) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
226.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Arsenic (As) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Boron (B) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
14.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Barium (Ba) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Calcium (Ca) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
6 200.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cadmium (Cd) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Cobalt (Co) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Chromium (Cr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Copper (Cu) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Iron (Fe) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
210.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Potassium (K) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
15 700.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Magnesium (Mg) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
1 700.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Manganese (Mn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Molybdenium (Mo) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Sodium (Na) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
420.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Nickel (Ni) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Phosphorus (P) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2 040.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Lead (Pb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Antimony (Sb) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Selenium (Se) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Silicon (Si) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
2 200.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Tin (Sn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Strontium (Sr) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
27.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Titanium (Ti) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
18.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Vanadium (V) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
| |
Zinc (Zn) |
mg/kg
(dry)
|
26.0 |
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
Ash melting behaviour
|
| |
American standard method, measured in oxidizing conditions
|
| | |
IDT (initial deformation temperature) |
°C
|
1 329 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
SOT (softening or spherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
HT (hemispherical temperature) |
°C
|
1 421 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
FT (fluid temperature) |
°C
|
1 435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|