almond shells (#1109)
| ID-number | #1109 |
|---|---|
| Material | almond shells |
| Classification | ECN Phyllis classification ▸ husk/shell/pit ▸ almond ▸ almond shells |
| NTA 8003 classification ▸ [200] biomassa uit land- en tuinbouw ▸ [230] restproducten (doppen) ▸ [235] amandeldoppen | |
| Submitter organisation | ECN (Netherlands) |
| Literature | S. Rapagnà and A. Latif: Steam gasification of almond shells in a fluidised bed reactor: The influence of temperature and particle size on product yield and distribution. Biomass and Bioenergy 12 (4) pp. 281-288 (1997). |
Values
| Property | Unit | Value | Std dev | Det lim | Lab | Date | Method | Remarks | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ar | dry | daf | ||||||||||||||||||
Main biomass properties |
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Proximate analysis |
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| Moisture content | wt% | 8.84 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ash content | wt% | 1.07 | 1.17 | |||||||||||||||||
| Volatile matter | wt% | 72.45 | 79.48 | 80.42 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fixed carbon | wt% | 17.64 | 19.35 | 19.58 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Ultimate analysis (macroelements) |
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| Carbon | wt% | 45.31 | 49.70 | 50.29 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Hydrogen | wt% | 5.48 | 6.01 | 6.08 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Oxygen | wt% | 38.73 | 42.49 | 42.99 | Measured | |||||||||||||||
| Total (with halides) | wt% | 99.43 | 99.37 | 99.36 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Heating value |
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| HHVMilne | MJ/kg | 18.03 | 19.78 | 20.01 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||
Biochemical analysis |
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Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin |
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| Cellulose | wt% (dry) | 31.70 | Unknown | |||||||||||||||||
| Hemicellulose | wt% (dry) | 30.60 | Unknown | |||||||||||||||||
| Lignin | wt% (dry) | 38.20 | Unknown | |||||||||||||||||
Other |
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| Total ash + biochemical | wt% (dry) | 101.67 | Calculated | |||||||||||||||||